c++中的STL在企业的笔试，面试中有一些常见的技巧，string和int的相互转换用的比较多

int转string

to_string()

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int main() {
    string pi = "pi is " + to_string(3.1415926);
    float val = 8.967;
    string num = to_string(val);
    string perfect = to_string(1+2+4+7+14) + " is a perfect number";

    cout << pi << "\n";
    cout << num << "\n";
    cout << perfect << "\n";
}

输出结果：

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pi is 3.141593
8.967000
28 is a perfect number

sstream

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#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <sstream>

using namespace std;

int main() {
    ostringstream os;
    int i = 12;
    os << i;
    cout << "the data is " + os.str() << endl;
}

输出结果：

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the data is 12

string转int

使用stoi/stol/stoll

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int stoi (const string&  str, size_t* idx = 0, int base = 10);


idx:
Pointer to an object of type size_t, 
whose value is set by the function to position of the 
next character in str after the numerical value.
This parameter can also be a null pointer, 
in which case it is not used.

idx获取string中，isdigit(str[i])
所在位置的next位置值

方法如下：

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#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>

using namespace std;

int main() {
    string str_dec = "2001, A Space Odyssey";
    string str_hex = "40c3";
    string str_bin = "-10010110001";
    string str_auto = "0x7f";

    string::size_type sz;

    // intention: 解引用
    // int *p = &a;

    int i_dec = stoi(str_dec, &sz);
    int i_hex = stoi(str_dec, nullptr, 16);
    int i_bin = stoi(str_bin, nullptr, 2);
    int i_auto = stoi(str_auto, nullptr, 0);

    cout << str_dec << ": " << i_dec << "and [ " << str_dec.substr(sz) << "]\n";
    cout << str_hex << ": " << i_hex << "\n";
    cout << str_bin << ": " << i_bin << "\n";
    cout << str_auto << ": " << i_auto << "\n";
}

结果：

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2001, A Space Odyssey: 2001and [ , A Space Odyssey]
40c3: 8193
-10010110001: -1201
0x7f: 127

atoi()

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#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>

using namespace std;

int main() {
    string s = "12";
    int a = atoi(s.c_str());
    cout << a << endl;
}

sstream

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#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <sstream>

using namespace std;

int main() {
    istringstream is("12");
    int i;
    is >> i;
    cout << i << endl;
}